PowerShell/test/powershell/Modules/Microsoft.PowerShell.Management/FileSystem.Tests.ps1

# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# Licensed under the MIT License.
Describe "Basic FileSystem Provider Tests" -Tags "CI" {
    BeforeAll {
        $testDir = "TestDir"
        $testFile = "TestFile.txt"
        $restoreLocation = Get-Location
    }

    AfterAll {
        #restore the previous location
        Set-Location -Path $restoreLocation
    }

    BeforeEach {
        Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
    }

    Context "Validate basic FileSystem Cmdlets" {
        BeforeAll {
            $newTestDir = "NewTestDir"
            $newTestFile = "NewTestFile.txt"
            $testContent = "Some Content"
            $testContent2 = "More Content"
            $reservedNamesTests = @(
                @{ deviceName = 'CON' }
                @{ deviceName = 'PRN' }
                @{ deviceName = 'AUX' }
                @{ deviceName = 'CLOCK$' }
                @{ deviceName = 'NUL' }
                @{ deviceName = 'CONIN$' }
                @{ deviceName = 'CONOUT$' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM0' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM1' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM2' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM3' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM4' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM5' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM6' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM7' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM8' }
                @{ deviceName = 'COM9' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT0' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT1' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT2' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT3' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT4' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT5' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT6' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT7' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT8' }
                @{ deviceName = 'LPT9' }
            )
        }

        BeforeEach {
            New-Item -Path $testDir -ItemType Directory > $null
            New-Item -Path $testFile -ItemType File > $null
        }

        AfterEach {
            Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
            Remove-Item -Path * -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Verify New-Item for directory" {
            $newDir = New-Item -Path $newTestDir -ItemType Directory
            $directoryExists = Test-Path $newTestDir
            $directoryExists | Should -BeTrue
            $newDir.Name | Should -BeExactly $newTestDir
        }

        It "Verify New-Item for file" {
            $newFile = New-Item -Path $newTestFile -ItemType File
            $newTestFile | Should -Exist
            $newFile.Name | Should -BeExactly $newTestFile
        }

        It "Verify Remove-Item for directory" {
            $existsBefore = Test-Path $testDir
            Remove-Item -Path $testDir -Recurse -Force
            $existsAfter = Test-Path $testDir
            $existsBefore | Should -BeTrue
            $existsAfter | Should -BeFalse
        }

        It "Verify Remove-Item for file" {
            $existsBefore = Test-Path $testFile
            Remove-Item -Path $testFile -Force
            $existsAfter = Test-Path $testFile
            $existsBefore | Should -BeTrue
            $existsAfter | Should -BeFalse
        }

        It "Verify Rename-Item for file" {
            Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $newTestFile -ErrorAction Stop
            $testFile | Should -Not -Exist
            $newTestFile | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Rename-Item for directory" {
            Rename-Item -Path $testDir -NewName $newTestDir -ErrorAction Stop
            $testDir | Should -Not -Exist
            $newTestDir | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Rename-Item will not rename to an existing name" {
            { Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $testDir -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "RenameItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RenameItemCommand"
            $error[0].Exception | Should -BeOfType System.IO.IOException
            $testFile | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Copy-Item" {
            $newFile = Copy-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $newTestFile -PassThru
            $fileExists = Test-Path $newTestFile
            $fileExists | Should -BeTrue
            $newFile.Name | Should -BeExactly $newTestFile
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item for file" {
            Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $testDir -ErrorAction Stop
            $testFile | Should -Not -Exist
            "$testDir/$testFile" | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item for directory" {
            $destDir = "DestinationDirectory"
            New-Item -Path $destDir -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction Stop > $null
            Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $testDir
            Move-Item -Path $testDir -Destination $destDir
            $testDir | Should -Not -Exist
            "$destDir/$testDir" | Should -Exist
            "$destDir/$testDir/$testFile" | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item across devices for directory" {
            [System.Management.Automation.Internal.InternalTestHooks]::SetTestHook('ThrowExdevErrorOnMoveDirectory', $true)
            try
            {
                $dir = (New-Item -Path TestDrive:/dir -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction Stop).FullName
                $file = (New-Item -Path "$dir/file.txt" -Value "HELLO" -ErrorAction Stop).Name
                $destination = "$TestDrive/destination"

                Move-Item -Path $dir -Destination $destination -ErrorAction Stop

                $dir | Should -Not -Exist
                $destination | Should -Exist
                "$destination/$file" | Should -Exist
            }
            finally
            {
                [System.Management.Automation.Internal.InternalTestHooks]::SetTestHook('ThrowExdevErrorOnMoveDirectory', $false)
            }
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item will not move to an existing file" {
            { Move-Item -Path $testDir -Destination $testFile -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "MoveDirectoryItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand"
            $error[0].Exception | Should -BeOfType System.IO.IOException
            $testDir | Should -Exist
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item throws correct error for non-existent source" {
            { Move-Item -Path /does/not/exist -Destination $testFile -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId 'PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand'
        }

        It "Verify Move-Item as substitute for Rename-Item" {
            $newFile = Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $newTestFile -PassThru
            $fileExists = Test-Path $newTestFile
            $fileExists | Should -BeTrue
            $newFile.Name | Should -Be $newTestFile
        }

        It "Verify Get-ChildItem" {
            $dirContents = Get-ChildItem "."
            $dirContents.Count | Should -Be 2
        }

        It "Verify Get-ChildItem can get the name of a specified item." {
            $fileName = Get-ChildItem $testFile -Name
            $fileInfo = Get-ChildItem $testFile
            $fileName | Should -BeExactly $fileInfo.Name
        }

        It "Set-Content to a file" {
            $content =  Set-Content -Value $testContent -Path $testFile -PassThru
            $content | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }

        It "Add-Content to a file" {
            $content = Set-Content -Value $testContent -Path $testFile -PassThru
            $addContent = Add-Content -Value $testContent2 -Path $testFile -PassThru
            $fullContent = Get-Content -Path $testFile
            $content | Should -Match $testContent
            $addContent | Should -Match $testContent2
            ($fullContent[0] + $fullContent[1]) | Should -Match ($testContent + $testContent2)
        }

        It "Clear-Content of a file" {
            Set-Content -Value $testContent -Path $testFile
            $contentBefore = Get-Content -Path $testFile
            Clear-Content -Path $testFile
            $contentAfter = Get-Content -Path $testFile
            $contentBefore.Count | Should -Be 1
            $contentAfter.Count | Should -Be 0
        }

         It "Copy-Item on Windows rejects Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
            param($deviceName)
            { Copy-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $deviceName -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "CopyError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.CopyItemCommand"
         }

         It "Move-Item on Windows rejects Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
            param($deviceName)
            { Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $deviceName -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "MoveError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand"
         }

         It "Rename-Item on Windows rejects Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
             param($deviceName)
            { Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $deviceName -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "RenameError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RenameItemCommand"
         }

         It "Copy-Item on Unix succeeds with Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:($IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
            param($deviceName)
            Copy-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $deviceName -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Test-Path $deviceName | Should -BeTrue
         }

         It "Move-Item on Unix succeeds with Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:($IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
            param($deviceName)
            Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $deviceName -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Test-Path $deviceName | Should -BeTrue
            New-Item -Path $testFile -ItemType File -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
         }

         It "Rename-Item on Unix succeeds with Windows reserved device name: <deviceName>" -Skip:($IsWindows) -TestCases $reservedNamesTests {
            param($deviceName)
            Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $deviceName -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Test-Path $deviceName | Should -BeTrue
            New-Item -Path $testFile -ItemType File -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
         }

         It "Set-Location on Unix succeeds with folder with colon: <path>" -Skip:($IsWindows) -TestCases @(
             @{path="\hello:world"},
             @{path="\:world"},
             @{path="/hello:"}
         ) {
            param($path)
            try {
                New-Item -Path "$testdrive$path" -ItemType Directory > $null
                Set-Location "$testdrive"
                Set-Location ".$path"
                (Get-Location).Path | Should -BeExactly "$testdrive/$($path.Substring(1,$path.Length-1))"
            }
            finally {
                Remove-Item -Path "$testdrive$path" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
         }

         It "Get-Content on Unix succeeds with folder and file with colon: <path>" -Skip:($IsWindows) -TestCases @(
             @{path="\foo:bar.txt"},
             @{path="/foo:"},
             @{path="\:bar"}
         ) {
            param($path)
            try {
                $testPath = "$testdrive/hello:world"
                New-Item -Path "$testPath" -ItemType Directory > $null
                Set-Content -Path "$testPath$path" -Value "Hello"
                $files = Get-ChildItem "$testPath"
                $files.Count | Should -Be 1
                $files[0].Name | Should -BeExactly $path.Substring(1,$path.Length-1)
                $files[0] | Get-Content | Should -BeExactly "Hello"
            }
            finally {
                Remove-Item -Path $testPath -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
         }
    }

    Context "Validate behavior when access is denied" {
        BeforeAll {
            $powershell = Join-Path $PSHOME "pwsh"
            if ($IsWindows)
            {
                $protectedPath = Join-Path ([environment]::GetFolderPath("windows")) "appcompat" "Programs"
                $protectedPath2 = Join-Path $protectedPath "Install"
                $newItemPath = Join-Path $protectedPath "foo"
                $shouldSkip = -not (Test-Path $protectedPath)
            }

            if ($IsWindows) {
                $fqaccessdenied = "MoveDirectoryItemUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand"
            }
            else {
                $fqaccessdenied = "MoveDirectoryItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand"
            }
        }

        It "Access-denied test for <cmdline>" -Skip:(-not $IsWindows -or $shouldSkip) -TestCases @(
            # NOTE: ensure the fileNameBase parameter is unique for each test case; it is used to generate a unique error and done file name.
            # The following test does not consistently work on windows
            # @{cmdline = "Get-Item $protectedPath2 -ErrorAction Stop"; expectedError = "ItemExistsUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"}
            # @{cmdline = "New-Item -Type File -Path $newItemPath -ErrorAction Stop"; expectedError = "NewItemUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewItemCommand"}
            @{cmdline = "Get-ChildItem $protectedPath -ErrorAction Stop"; expectedError = "DirUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetChildItemCommand"}
            @{cmdline = "Rename-Item -Path $protectedPath -NewName bar -ErrorAction Stop"; expectedError = "RenameItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RenameItemCommand"},
            @{cmdline = "Move-Item -Path $protectedPath -Destination bar -ErrorAction Stop"; expectedError = $fqaccessdenied}
        ) {
            param ($cmdline, $expectedError)

            $scriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($cmdline)
            $scriptBlock | Should -Throw -ErrorId $expectedError
        }
    }

    Context "Appx path" {
        BeforeAll {
            $skipTest = $true
            if ($IsWindows -and (Get-Command -Name Get-AppxPackage) ) {
                $pkgDir = (Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.WindowsCalculator -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).InstallLocation
                $skipTest = $pkgDir -eq $null
            }
        }

        It "Can get an appx package item" -Skip:$skipTest {
            Get-Item $pkgDir\Calculator.exe -ErrorAction Stop | Should -BeOfType System.IO.FileInfo
            Get-Item -Path $pkgDir -ErrorAction Stop | Should -BeOfType System.IO.DirectoryInfo
            Get-ChildItem -Path $pkgDir -ErrorAction Stop | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
        }
    }

    Context "Validate basic host navigation functionality" {
        BeforeAll {
            #build semi-complex directory structure to test navigation within
            $level1_0 = "Level1_0"
            $level2_0 = "Level2_0"
            $level2_1 = "Level2_1"
            $root = Join-Path "TestDrive:" "" #adds correct / or \
            $level1_0Full = Join-Path $root $level1_0
            $level2_0Full = Join-Path $level1_0Full $level2_0
            $level2_1Full = Join-Path $level1_0Full $level2_1
            New-Item -Path $level1_0Full -ItemType Directory > $null
            New-Item -Path $level2_0Full -ItemType Directory > $null
            New-Item -Path $level2_1Full -ItemType Directory > $null
        }

        It "Verify Get-Location and Set-Location" {
            $currentLoc = Get-Location
            Set-Location $level1_0
            $level1Loc = Get-Location
            Set-Location $level2_0
            $level2Loc = Get-Location
            $currentLoc.Path | Should -BeExactly $root
            $level1Loc.Path | Should -BeExactly $level1_0Full
            $level2Loc.Path | Should -BeExactly $level2_0Full
        }

        It "Verify Push-Location and Pop-Location" {
            #push a bunch of locations
            Push-Location
            $push0 = Get-Location
            Set-Location $level1_0
            Push-Location
            $push1 = Get-Location
            Set-Location $level2_0
            Push-Location
            $push2 = Get-Location

            #navigate back home to change path out of all pushed locations
            Set-Location "TestDrive:\"

            #pop locations off
            Pop-Location
            $pop0 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $pop1 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $pop2 = Get-Location

            $pop0.Path | Should -BeExactly $push2.Path
            $pop1.Path | Should -BeExactly $push1.Path
            $pop2.Path | Should -BeExactly $push0.Path
        }
    }

    Context "Validate Basic Path Cmdlets" {
        It "Verify Convert-Path" {
            $result = Convert-Path "."
            ($result.TrimEnd('/\')) | Should -BeExactly "$TESTDRIVE"
        }

        It "Verify Join-Path" {
            $result = Join-Path -Path "TestDrive:" -ChildPath "temp"

            if ($IsWindows) {
                $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:\temp"
            }
            else {
                $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:/temp"
            }
        }

        It "Verify Split-Path" {
            $testPath = Join-Path "TestDrive:" "MyTestFile.txt"
            $result = Split-Path $testPath -Qualifier
            $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:"
        }

        It "Verify Test-Path" {
            $result = Test-Path $HOME
            $result | Should -BeTrue
        }

        It "Verify HOME" {
            $homePath = $HOME
            $tildePath = (Resolve-Path -Path ~).Path
            $homePath | Should -BeExactly $tildePath
        }
    }
}

Describe "Handling of globbing patterns" -Tags "CI" {

    Context "Handling of Unix [ab] globbing patterns in literal paths" {
        BeforeAll {
            $filePath = Join-Path $TESTDRIVE "file[txt].txt"
            $newPath = Join-Path $TESTDRIVE "file.txt.txt"
            $dirPath = Join-Path $TESTDRIVE "subdir"
        }
        BeforeEach {
            $file = New-Item -ItemType File -Path $filePath -Force
        }
        AfterEach {
            Remove-Item -Force -Recurse -Path $dirPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Remove-Item -Force -LiteralPath $newPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Rename-Item -LiteralPath can rename a file with Unix globbing characters" {
            Rename-Item -LiteralPath $file.FullName -NewName $newPath
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $file.FullName | Should -BeFalse
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $newPath | Should -BeTrue
        }

        It "Remove-Item -LiteralPath can delete a file with Unix globbing characters" {
            Remove-Item -LiteralPath $file.FullName
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $file.FullName | Should -BeFalse
        }

        It "Move-Item -LiteralPath can move a file with Unix globbing characters" {
            $dir = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $dirPath
            Move-Item -LiteralPath $file.FullName -Destination $dir.FullName
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $file.FullName | Should -BeFalse
            $newPath = Join-Path $dir.FullName $file.Name
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $newPath | Should -BeTrue
        }

        It "Copy-Item -LiteralPath can copy a file with Unix globbing characters" {
            Copy-Item -LiteralPath $file.FullName -Destination $newPath
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $newPath | Should -BeTrue
        }
    }

    Context "Handle asterisks in name" {
        It "Remove-Item -LiteralPath should fail if it contains asterisk and file doesn't exist" {
            { Remove-Item -LiteralPath ./foo*.txt -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand"
        }

        It "Remove-Item -LiteralPath should succeed for file with asterisk in name" -Skip:($IsWindows) {
            $testPath = "$testdrive\foo*"
            $testPath2 = "$testdrive\foo*2"
            New-Item -Path $testPath -ItemType File
            New-Item -Path $testPath2 -ItemType File
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $testPath | Should -BeTrue
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $testPath2 | Should -BeTrue
            { Remove-Item -LiteralPath $testPath } | Should -Not -Throw
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $testPath | Should -BeFalse
            # make sure wildcard wasn't applied so this file should still exist
            Test-Path -LiteralPath $testPath2 | Should -BeTrue
        }
    }
}

Describe "Hard link and symbolic link tests" -Tags "CI", "RequireAdminOnWindows" {
    BeforeAll {
        # on macOS, the /tmp directory is a symlink, so we'll resolve it here
        $TestPath = $TestDrive
        if ($IsMacOS)
        {
            $item = Get-Item $TestPath
            $dirName = $item.BaseName
            $item = Get-Item $item.PSParentPath -Force
            if ($item.LinkType -eq "SymbolicLink")
            {
                $TestPath = Join-Path $item.Target $dirName
            }
        }

        $realFile = Join-Path $TestPath "file.txt"
        $nonFile = Join-Path $TestPath "not-a-file"
        $fileContent = "some text"
        $realDir = Join-Path $TestPath "subdir"
        $nonDir = Join-Path $TestPath "not-a-dir"
        $hardLinkToFile = Join-Path $TestPath "hard-to-file.txt"
        $symLinkToFile = Join-Path $TestPath "sym-link-to-file.txt"
        $symLinkToDir = Join-Path $TestPath "sym-link-to-dir"
        $symLinkToNothing = Join-Path $TestPath "sym-link-to-nowhere"
        $dirSymLinkToDir = Join-Path $TestPath "symd-link-to-dir"
        $junctionToDir = Join-Path $TestPath "junction-to-dir"

        New-Item -ItemType File -Path $realFile -Value $fileContent > $null
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $realDir > $null
    }

    Context "New-Item and hard/symbolic links" {
        It "New-Item can create a hard link to a file" {
            New-Item -ItemType HardLink -Path $hardLinkToFile -Value $realFile > $null
            Test-Path $hardLinkToFile | Should -BeTrue
            $link = Get-Item -Path $hardLinkToFile
            $link.LinkType | Should -BeExactly "HardLink"
            Get-Content -Path $hardLinkToFile | Should -Be $fileContent
        }
        It "New-Item can create symbolic link to file" {
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $symLinkToFile -Value $realFile > $null
            Test-Path $symLinkToFile | Should -BeTrue
            $real = Get-Item -Path $realFile
            $link = Get-Item -Path $symLinkToFile
            $link.LinkType | Should -BeExactly "SymbolicLink"
            $link.Target | Should -BeExactly $real.ToString()
            Get-Content -Path $symLinkToFile | Should -Be $fileContent
        }
        It "New-Item can create a symbolic link to nothing" {
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $symLinkToNothing -Value $nonFile > $null
            Test-Path $symLinkToNothing | Should -BeTrue
            $link = Get-Item -Path $symLinkToNothing
            $link.LinkType | Should -BeExactly "SymbolicLink"
            $link.Target | Should -Be $nonFile.ToString()
        }
        It "New-Item emits an error when path to symbolic link already exists." {
            { New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $realDir -Value $symLinkToDir -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "SymLinkExists,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewItemCommand"
        }
        It "New-Item can create a symbolic link to a directory" -Skip:($IsWindows) {
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $symLinkToDir -Value $realDir > $null
            Test-Path $symLinkToDir | Should -BeTrue
            $real = Get-Item -Path $realDir
            $link = Get-Item -Path $symLinkToDir
            $link.LinkType | Should -BeExactly "SymbolicLink"
            $link.Target | Should -BeExactly $real.ToString()
        }
        It "New-Item can create a directory symbolic link to a directory" -Skip:(-Not $IsWindows) {
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $symLinkToDir -Value $realDir > $null
            Test-Path $symLinkToDir | Should -BeTrue
            $real = Get-Item -Path $realDir
            $link = Get-Item -Path $symLinkToDir
            $link | Should -BeOfType System.IO.DirectoryInfo
            $link.LinkType | Should -BeExactly "SymbolicLink"
            $link.Target | Should -BeExactly $real.ToString()
        }
        It "New-Item can create a directory junction to a directory" -Skip:(-Not $IsWindows) {
            New-Item -ItemType Junction -Path $junctionToDir -Value $realDir > $null
            Test-Path $junctionToDir | Should -BeTrue
        }
    }

    Context "Get-ChildItem and symbolic links" {
        BeforeAll {
            $alphaDir = Join-Path $TestDrive "sub-alpha"
            $alphaLink = Join-Path $TestDrive "link-alpha"
            $alphaFile1 = Join-Path $alphaDir "AlphaFile1.txt"
            $alphaFile2 = Join-Path $alphaDir "AlphaFile2.txt"
            $omegaDir = Join-Path $TestDrive "sub-omega"
            $omegaFile1 = Join-Path $omegaDir "OmegaFile1"
            $omegaFile2 = Join-Path $omegaDir "OmegaFile2"
            $betaDir = Join-Path $alphaDir "sub-Beta"
            $betaLink = Join-Path $alphaDir "link-Beta"
            $betaFile1 = Join-Path $betaDir "BetaFile1.txt"
            $betaFile2 = Join-Path $betaDir "BetaFile2.txt"
            $betaFile3 = Join-Path $betaDir "BetaFile3.txt"
            $gammaDir = Join-Path $betaDir "sub-gamma"
            $uponeLink = Join-Path $gammaDir "upone-link"
            $uptwoLink = Join-Path $gammaDir "uptwo-link"
            $omegaLink = Join-Path $gammaDir "omegaLink"

            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $alphaDir
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $alphaFile1
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $alphaFile2
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $betaDir
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $betaFile1
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $betaFile2
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $betaFile3
            New-Item -ItemType Directory $omegaDir
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $omegaFile1
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $omegaFile2
        }
        AfterAll {
            Remove-Item -Path $alphaLink -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            Remove-Item -Path $betaLink -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Get-ChildItem gets content of linked-to directory" {
            $filenamePattern = "AlphaFile[12]\.txt"
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $alphaLink -Value $alphaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem $alphaLink
            $ci.Count | Should -Be 3
            $ci[1].Name | Should -MatchExactly $filenamePattern
            $ci[2].Name | Should -MatchExactly $filenamePattern
        }
        It "Get-ChildItem -Name gets content of linked-to directory" {
            # The test depends on the files created in previous test:
            #$filenamePattern = "AlphaFile[12]\.txt"
            #New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $alphaLink -Value $alphaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem $alphaLink -Name
            $ci.Count | Should -Be 3
            $ci[1] | Should -MatchExactly $filenamePattern
            $ci[2] | Should -MatchExactly $filenamePattern
        }
        It "Get-ChildItem does not recurse into symbolic links not explicitly given on the command line" {
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $betaLink -Value $betaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem $alphaLink -Recurse
            $ci.Count | Should -BeExactly 7
        }
        It "Get-ChildItem -Name does not recurse into symbolic links not explicitly given on the command line" -Pending {
            # The test depends on the files created in previous test:
            #New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $betaLink -Value $betaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem $alphaLink -Recurse -Name
            $ci.Count | Should -BeExactly 7 # returns 10 - unexpectly recurce in link-alpha\link-Beta. See https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/issues/11614
        }
        It "Get-ChildItem will recurse into symlinks given -FollowSymlink, avoiding link loops" {
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $gammaDir
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $uponeLink -Value $betaDir
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $uptwoLink -Value $alphaDir
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $omegaLink -Value $omegaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem -Path $alphaDir -FollowSymlink -Recurse -WarningVariable w -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
            $ci.Count | Should -BeExactly 13
            $w.Count | Should -BeExactly 3
        }
        It "Get-ChildItem -Name will recurse into symlinks given -FollowSymlink, avoiding link loops" -Pending {
            # The test depends on the files created in previous test:
            # New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $gammaDir
            # New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $uponeLink -Value $betaDir
            # New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $uptwoLink -Value $alphaDir
            # New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $omegaLink -Value $omegaDir
            $ci = Get-ChildItem -Path $alphaDir -FollowSymlink -Recurse -WarningVariable w -WarningAction SilentlyContinue -Name # unexpectly dead cycle. See https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/issues/11614
            $ci.Count | Should -BeExactly 13
            $w.Count | Should -BeExactly 3
        }
    }

    Context "Remove-Item and hard/symbolic links" {
        BeforeAll {
            $testCases = @(
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a hard link to a file"
                    Link = $hardLinkToFile
                    Target = $realFile
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a symbolic link to a file"
                    Link = $symLinkToFile
                    Target = $realFile
                }
            )

            # New-Item on Windows will not create a "plain" symlink to a directory
            $unixTestCases = @(
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a symbolic link to a directory on Unix"
                    Link = $symLinkToDir
                    Target = $realDir
                }
            )

            # Junctions and directory symbolic links are Windows and NTFS only
            $windowsTestCases = @(
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a symbolic link to a directory on Windows"
                    Link = $symLinkToDir
                    Target = $realDir
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a directory symbolic link to a directory on Windows"
                    Link = $dirSymLinkToDir
                    Target = $realDir
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Remove-Item can remove a junction to a directory"
                    Link = $junctionToDir
                    Target = $realDir
                }
            )

            function TestRemoveItem
            {
                Param (
                    [string]$Link,
                    [string]$Target
                )

                Remove-Item -Path $Link -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue > $null
                Test-Path -Path $Link | Should -BeFalse
                Test-Path -Path $Target | Should -BeTrue
            }
        }

        It "<Name>" -TestCases $testCases {
            Param (
                [string]$Name,
                [string]$Link,
                [string]$Target
            )

            TestRemoveItem $Link $Target
        }

        It "<Name>" -TestCases $unixTestCases -Skip:($IsWindows) {
            Param (
                [string]$Name,
                [string]$Link,
                [string]$Target
            )

            TestRemoveItem $Link $Target
        }

        It "<Name>" -TestCases $windowsTestCases -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) {
            Param (
                [string]$Name,
                [string]$Link,
                [string]$Target
            )

            TestRemoveItem $Link $Target
        }

        It "Remove-Item ignores -Recurse switch when deleting symlink to directory" {
            $folder = Join-Path $TestDrive "folder"
            $file = Join-Path $TestDrive "folder" "file"
            $link = Join-Path $TestDrive "sym-to-folder"
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $folder > $null
            New-Item -ItemType File -Path $file -Value "some content" > $null
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $link -Value $folder > $null
            $childA = Get-ChildItem $folder
            Remove-Item -Path $link -Recurse
            $childB = Get-ChildItem $folder
            $childB.Count | Should -Be 1
            $childB.Count | Should -BeExactly $childA.Count
            $childB.Name | Should -BeExactly $childA.Name
        }
    }
}

Describe "Copy-Item can avoid copying an item onto itself" -Tags "CI", "RequireAdminOnWindows" {
    BeforeAll {
        # For now, we'll assume the tests are running the platform's
        # native filesystem, in its default mode
        $isCaseSensitive = $IsLinux

        # The name of the key in an exception's Data dictionary when an
        # attempt is made to copy an item onto itself.
        $selfCopyKey = "SelfCopy"

        $subDir = "$TestDrive/sub"
        $otherSubDir = "$TestDrive/other-sub"
        $fileName = "file.txt"
        $filePath = "$TestDrive/$fileName"
        $otherFileName = "other-file"
        $otherFile = "$otherSubDir/$otherFileName"
        $symToOther = "$subDir/sym-to-other"
        $secondSymToOther = "$subDir/another-sym-to-other"
        $symToSym = "$subDir/sym-to-sym-to-other"
        $symToOtherFile = "$subDir/sym-to-other-file"
        $hardToOtherFile = "$subDir/hard-to-other-file"
        $symdToOther = "$subDir/symd-to-other"
        $junctionToOther = "$subDir/junction-to-other"

        New-Item -ItemType File $filePath -Value "stuff" > $null
        New-Item -ItemType Directory $subDir > $null
        New-Item -ItemType Directory $otherSubDir > $null
        New-Item -ItemType File $otherFile -Value "some text" > $null
        New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink $symToOther -Value $otherSubDir > $null
        New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink $secondSymToOther -Value $otherSubDir > $null
        New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink $symToSym -Value $symToOther > $null
        New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink $symToOtherFile -Value $otherFile > $null
        New-Item -ItemType HardLink $hardToOtherFile -Value $otherFile > $null

        if ($IsWindows)
        {
            New-Item -ItemType Junction $junctionToOther -Value $otherSubDir > $null
            New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink $symdToOther -Value $otherSubDir > $null
        }
    }

    Context "Copy-Item using different case (on case-sensitive file systems)" {
        BeforeEach {
            $sourcePath = $filePath
            $destinationPath = "$TestDrive/" + $fileName.Toupper()
        }
        AfterEach {
            Remove-Item -Path $destinationPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Copy-Item can copy to file name differing only by case" {
            if ($isCaseSensitive)
            {
                Copy-Item -Path $sourcePath -Destination $destinationPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
                Test-Path -Path $destinationPath | Should -BeTrue
            }
            else
            {
                { Copy-Item -Path $sourcePath -Destination $destinationPath -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "CopyError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.CopyItemCommand"
                $error[0].Exception | Should -BeOfType System.IO.IOException
                $error[0].Exception.Data[$selfCopyKey] | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
            }
        }
    }

    Context "Copy-Item avoids copying an item onto itself" {
        BeforeAll {
            $testCases = @(
                @{
                    Name = "Copy to same path"
                    Source = $otherFile
                    Destination = $otherFile
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy hard link"
                    Source = $hardToOtherFile
                    Destination = $otherFile
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy hard link, reversed"
                    Source = $otherFile
                    Destination = $hardToOtherFile
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy symbolic link to target"
                    Source = $symToOtherFile
                    Destination = $otherFile
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy symbolic link to symbolic link with same target"
                    Source = $secondSymToOther
                    Destination = $symToOther
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy through chain of symbolic links"
                    Source = $symToSym
                    Destination = $otherSubDir
                }
            )

            # Junctions and directory symbolic links are Windows and NTFS only
            $windowsTestCases = @(
                @{
                    Name = "Copy junction to target"
                    Source = $junctionToOther
                    Destination = $otherSubDir
                }
                @{
                    Name = "Copy directory symbolic link to target"
                    Source = $symdToOther
                    Destination = $otherSubDir
                }
            )

            function TestSelfCopy
            {
                Param (
                    [string]$Source,
                    [string]$Destination
                )

                { Copy-Item -Path $Source -Destination $Destination -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "CopyError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.CopyItemCommand"
                $error[0].Exception | Should -BeOfType System.IO.IOException
                $error[0].Exception.Data[$selfCopyKey] | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
            }
        }

        It "<Name>" -TestCases $testCases {
            Param (
                [string]$Name,
                [string]$Source,
                [string]$Destination
            )

            TestSelfCopy $Source $Destination
        }

        It "<Name>" -TestCases $windowsTestCases -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) {
            Param (
                [string]$Name,
                [string]$Source,
                [string]$Destination
            )

            TestSelfCopy $Source $Destination
        }
    }
}

Describe "Handling long paths" -Tags "CI" {
    BeforeAll {
        $longDir = 'a' * 250
        $longSubDir = 'b' * 250
        $fileName = "file1.txt"
        $topPath = Join-Path $TestDrive $longDir
        $longDirPath = Join-Path $topPath $longSubDir
        $longFilePath = Join-Path $longDirPath $fileName
        $cwd = Get-Location
    }
    BeforeEach {
        New-Item -ItemType File -Path $longFilePath -Force | Out-Null
    }
    AfterEach {
        Remove-Item -Path $topPath -Force -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Set-Location $cwd
    }

    It "Can remove a file via a long path" {
        Remove-Item -Path $longFilePath -ErrorVariable e -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        $e | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        $longFilePath | Should -Not -Exist
    }
    It "Can rename a file via a long path" {
        $newFileName = "new-file.txt"
        $newPath = Join-Path $longDirPath $newFileName
        Rename-Item -Path $longFilePath -NewName $newFileName
        $longFilePath | Should -Not -Exist
        $newPath | Should -Exist
    }
    It "Can change into a directory via a long path" {
        Set-Location -Path $longDirPath -ErrorVariable e -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        $e | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        $c = Get-Location
        $fileName | Should -Exist
    }
    It "Can use Test-Path to check for a file via a long path" {
        Test-Path $longFilePath | Should -BeTrue
    }
}

Describe "Extended FileSystem Item/Content Cmdlet Provider Tests" -Tags "Feature" {
    BeforeAll {
        $testDir = "testDir"
        $testFile = "testFile.txt"
        $testFile2 = "testFile2.txt"
        $testContent = "Test 1"
        $testContent2 = "Test 2"
        $restoreLocation = Get-Location
    }

    AfterAll {
        #restore the previous location
        Set-Location -Path $restoreLocation
    }

    BeforeEach {
        Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
        New-Item -Path $testFile -ItemType File > $null
        New-Item -Path $testFile2 -ItemType File > $null
    }

    AfterEach {
        Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
        Remove-Item -Path * -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    }

    Context "Valdiate New-Item parameters" {
        BeforeEach {
            #remove every file so that New-Item can be validated
            Remove-Item -Path * -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Verify Directory + Whatif" {
            New-Item -Path . -ItemType Directory -Name $testDir -WhatIf > $null
            { Get-Item -Path $testDir -ErrorAction Stop } |
                Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify Directory + Confirm bypass" {
            $result = New-Item -Path . -ItemType Directory -Name $testDir -Confirm:$false
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testDir
        }

        It "Verify Directory + Force" {
            New-Item -Path . -ItemType Directory -Name $testDir > $null
            $result = New-Item -Path . -ItemType Directory -Name $testDir -Force #would normally fail without force
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testDir
        }

        It "Verify File + Value" {
            $result = New-Item -Path . -ItemType File -Name $testFile -Value "Some String"
            $content = Get-Content -Path $testFile
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile
            $content | Should -BeExactly "Some String"
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Get-Item parameters" {
        It "Verify Force" {
            $result = Get-Item -Path $testFile -Force
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile
        }

        It "Verify Path Wildcard" {
            $result = Get-Item -Path "*2.txt"
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile2
        }

        It "Verify Include" {
            $result = Get-Item -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Include "*2.txt"
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile2
        }

        It "Verify Include and Exclude Intersection" {
            $result = Get-Item -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Include "*.txt" -Exclude "*2*"
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile
        }

        It "Verify Filter" {
            $result = Get-Item -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Filter "*2.txt"
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile2
        }

        It "Verify -LiteralPath with wildcard fails for file that doesn't exist" {
            { Get-Item -LiteralPath "a*b.txt" -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify -LiteralPath with wildcard succeeds for file" -Skip:($IsWindows) {
            New-Item -Path "$testdrive\a*b.txt" -ItemType File > $null
            $file = Get-Item -LiteralPath "$testdrive\a*b.txt"
            $file.Name | Should -BeExactly "a*b.txt"
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Move-Item parameters" {
        BeforeAll {
            $altTestFile = "movedFile.txt"
        }

        BeforeEach {
            New-Item -Path $testFile -ItemType File -Force > $null
            New-Item -Path $testFile2 -ItemType File -Force > $null
        }

        AfterEach {
            Remove-Item -Path * -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        It "Verify WhatIf" {
            Move-Item -Path $testFile -Destination $altTestFile -WhatIf
            { Get-Item -Path $altTestFile -ErrorAction Stop } |
                Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify Include and Exclude Intersection" {
            New-Item -Path "TestDrive:\dest" -ItemType Directory
            Move-Item -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Destination "TestDrive:\dest" -Include "*.txt" -Exclude "*2*"
            $file1 = Get-Item "TestDrive:\dest\$testFile2" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file2 = Get-Item "TestDrive:\dest\$testFile" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $file2.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile
        }

        It "Verify Filter" {
            Move-Item -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Filter "*2.txt" -Destination $altTestFile
            $file1 = Get-Item $testFile2 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file2 = Get-Item $altTestFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $file2.Name | Should -BeExactly $altTestFile
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Rename-Item parameters" {
        BeforeAll {
            $newFile = "NewName.txt"
        }

        It "Verify WhatIf" {
            Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $newFile -WhatIf
            { Get-Item -Path $newFile -ErrorAction Stop } |
                Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify Confirm can be bypassed" {
            Rename-Item -Path $testFile -NewName $newFile -Confirm:$false
            $file1 = Get-Item -Path $testFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file2 = Get-Item -Path $newFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $file2.Name | Should -BeExactly $newFile
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Remove-Item parameters" {
        It "Verify WhatIf" {
            Remove-Item $testFile -WhatIf
            $result = Get-Item $testFile
            $result.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile
        }

        It "Verify Confirm can be bypassed" {
            Remove-Item $testFile -Confirm:$false
            { Get-Item $testFile -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify LiteralPath" {
            Remove-Item -LiteralPath "TestDrive:\$testFile" -Recurse
            { Get-Item $testFile -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify Filter" {
            Remove-Item "TestDrive:\*" -Filter "*.txt"
            $result = Get-Item "TestDrive:\*.txt"
            $result | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "Verify Include" {
            Remove-Item "TestDrive:\*" -Include "*2.txt"
            { Get-Item $testFile2 -ErrorAction Stop } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetItemCommand"
        }

        It "Verify Include and Exclude Intersection" {
            Remove-Item "TestDrive:\*" -Include "*.txt" -Exclude "*2*"
            $file1 = Get-Item $testFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file2 = Get-Item $testFile2 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $file1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $file2.Name | Should -BeExactly $testFile2
        }

        It "Verify Path can accept wildcard" {
            Remove-Item "TestDrive:\*.txt" -Recurse -Force
            $result = Get-ChildItem "TestDrive:\*.txt"
            $result | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "Verify no error if wildcard doesn't match: <path>" -TestCases @(
            @{path="TestDrive:\*.foo"},
            @{path="TestDrive:\[z]"},
            @{path="TestDrive:\z.*"}
        ) {
            param($path)
            { Remove-Item $path } | Should -Not -Throw
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Set-Content parameters" {
        It "Validate Array Input for Path and Value" {
            Set-Content -Path @($testFile,$testFile2) -Value @($testContent,$testContent2)
            $content1 = Get-Content $testFile
            $content2 = Get-Content $testFile2
            $content1 | Should -BeExactly $content2
            ($content1[0] + $content1[1]) | Should -BeExactly ($testContent + $testContent2)
        }

        It "Validate LiteralPath" {
            Set-Content -LiteralPath "TestDrive:\$testFile" -Value $testContent
            $content = Get-Content $testFile
            $content | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }

        It "Validate Confirm can be bypassed" {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value $testContent -Confirm:$false
            $content = Get-Content $testFile
            $content | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }

        It "Validate WhatIf" {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value $testContent -WhatIf
            $content = Get-Content $testFile
            $content | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "Validate Include" {
            Set-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Value $testContent -Include "*2.txt"
            $content1 = Get-Content $testFile
            $content2 = Get-Content $testFile2
            $content1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $content2 | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }

        It "Validate Exclude" {
            Set-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Value $testContent -Exclude "*2.txt"
            $content1 = Get-Content $testFile
            $content2 = Get-Content $testFile2
            $content1 | Should -BeExactly $testContent
            $content2 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "Validate Filter" {
            Set-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Value $testContent -Filter "*2.txt"
            $content1 = Get-Content $testFile
            $content2 = Get-Content $testFile2
            $content1 | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
            $content2 | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Get-Content parameters" {
        BeforeEach {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value $testContent
            Set-Content -Path $testFile2 -Value $testContent2
        }

        It "Validate Array Input for Path" {
            $result = Get-Content -Path @($testFile,$testFile2)
            $result[0] | Should -BeExactly $testContent
            $result[1] | Should -BeExactly $testContent2
        }

        It "Validate Include" {
            $result = Get-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Include "*2.txt"
            $result | Should -BeExactly $testContent2
        }

        It "Validate Exclude" {
            $result = Get-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Exclude "*2.txt"
            $result | Should -BeExactly $testContent
        }

        It "Validate Filter" {
            $result = Get-Content -Path "TestDrive:\*" -Filter "*2.txt"
            $result | Should -BeExactly $testContent2
        }

        It "Validate ReadCount" {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value "Test Line 1`nTest Line 2`nTest Line 3`nTest Line 4`nTest Line 5`nTest Line 6"
            $result = (Get-Content -Path $testFile -ReadCount 2)
            $result[0][0] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 1"
            $result[0][1] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 2"
            $result[1][0] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 3"
            $result[1][1] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 4"
            $result[2][0] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 5"
            $result[2][1] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 6"
        }

        It "Validate TotalCount" {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value "Test Line 1`nTest Line 2`nTest Line 3`nTest Line 4`nTest Line 5`nTest Line 6"
            $result = Get-Content -Path $testFile -TotalCount 4
            $result[0] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 1"
            $result[1] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 2"
            $result[2] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 3"
            $result[3] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 4"
            $result[4] | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "Validate Tail" {
            Set-Content -Path $testFile -Value "Test Line 1`nTest Line 2`nTest Line 3`nTest Line 4`nTest Line 5`nTest Line 6"
            $result = Get-Content -Path $testFile -Tail 2
            $result[0] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 5"
            $result[1] | Should -BeExactly "Test Line 6"
            $result[2] | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }
    }
}

Describe "Extended FileSystem Path/Location Cmdlet Provider Tests" -Tags "Feature" {
    BeforeAll {
        $testDir = "testDir"
        $testFile = "testFile.txt"
        $testFile2 = "testFile2.txt"
        $testContent = "Test 1"
        $testContent2 = "Test 2"
        $restoreLocation = Get-Location

        #build semi-complex directory structure to test navigation within
        Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
        $level1_0 = "Level1_0"
        $level2_0 = "Level2_0"
        $level2_1 = "Level2_1"
        $fileExt = ".ext"
        $root = Join-Path "TestDrive:" "" #adds correct / or \
        $level1_0Full = Join-Path $root $level1_0
        $level2_0Full = Join-Path $level1_0Full $level2_0
        $level2_1Full = Join-Path $level1_0Full $level2_1
        New-Item -Path $level1_0Full -ItemType Directory > $null
        New-Item -Path $level2_0Full -ItemType Directory > $null
        New-Item -Path $level2_1Full -ItemType Directory > $null
    }

    AfterAll {
        #restore the previous location
        Set-Location -Path $restoreLocation
    }

    BeforeEach {
        Set-Location -Path "TestDrive:\"
    }

    Context "Validate Resolve-Path Cmdlet Parameters" {
        It "Verify LiteralPath" {
            $result = Resolve-Path -LiteralPath "TestDrive:\"
            ($result.Path.TrimEnd('/\')) | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:"
        }

        It "Verify relative" {
            $relativePath = Resolve-Path -Path . -Relative
            $relativePath | Should -BeExactly (Join-Path "." "")
        }
    }

    Context "Validate Join-Path Cmdlet Parameters" {
        It "Validate Resolve" {
            $result = Join-Path -Path . -ChildPath $level1_0 -Resolve
            if ($IsWindows) {
                $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:\$level1_0"
            }
            else {
                $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:/$level1_0"
            }
        }
    }

    Context "Validate Split-Path Cmdlet Parameters" {
        It "Validate Parent" {
            $result = Split-Path -Path $level1_0Full -Parent -Resolve
            ($result.TrimEnd('/\')) | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:"
        }

        It "Validate IsAbsolute" {
            $resolved = Split-Path -Path . -Resolve -IsAbsolute
            $unresolved = Split-Path -Path . -IsAbsolute
            $resolved | Should -BeTrue
            $unresolved | Should -BeFalse
        }

        It "Validate Leaf" {
            $result = Split-Path -Path $level1_0Full -Leaf
            $result | Should -BeExactly $level1_0
        }

        It 'Validate LeafBase' {
            $result = Split-Path -Path "$level2_1Full$fileExt" -LeafBase
            $result | Should -BeExactly $level2_1
        }
        It 'Validate LeafBase is not over-zealous' {

            $result = Split-Path -Path "$level2_1Full$fileExt$fileExt" -LeafBase
            $result | Should -BeExactly "$level2_1$fileExt"
        }

        It 'Validate LeafBase' {
            $result = Split-Path -Path "$level2_1Full$fileExt" -Extension
            $result | Should -BeExactly $fileExt
        }

        It "Validate NoQualifier" {
            $result = Split-Path -Path $level1_0Full -NoQualifier
            ($result.TrimStart('/\')) | Should -BeExactly $level1_0
        }

        It "Validate Qualifier" {
            $result = Split-Path -Path $level1_0Full -Qualifier
            $result | Should -BeExactly "TestDrive:"
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Set-Location Cmdlets Parameters" {
        It "Without Passthru Doesn't Return a Path" {
            $result = Set-Location -Path $level1_0
            $result | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
        }

        It "By LiteralPath" {
            $result = Set-Location -LiteralPath $level1_0Full -PassThru
            $result.Path | Should -BeExactly $level1_0Full
        }

        It "To Default Location Stack Does Nothing" {
            $beforeLoc = Get-Location
            Set-Location -StackName ""
            $afterLoc = Get-Location
            $beforeLoc.Path | Should -BeExactly $afterLoc.Path
        }

        It "WhatIf is Not Supported" {
            { Set-Location $level1_0 -WhatIf } | Should -Throw -ErrorId "NamedParameterNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SetLocationCommand"
        }
    }

    Context "Valdiate Push-Location and Pop-Location Cmdlets Parameters" {
        It "Verify Push + Path" {
            Push-Location -Path $level1_0
            Push-Location -Path $level2_0
            $location1 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $location2 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $location3 = Get-Location

            $location1.Path | Should -BeExactly $level2_0Full
            $location2.Path | Should -BeExactly $level1_0Full
            $location3.Path | Should -BeExactly $root
        }

        It "Verify Push + PassThru" {
            $location1 = Get-Location
            $passThru1 = Push-Location -PassThru
            Set-Location $level1_0
            $location2 = Get-Location
            $passThru2 = Push-Location -PassThru
            Set-Location $level2_0
            $location3 = Get-Location

            $location1.Path | Should -BeExactly $passThru1.Path
            $location2.Path | Should -BeExactly $passThru2.Path
            $location3.Path | Should -BeExactly $level2_0Full
        }

        It "Verify Push + LiteralPath" {
            Push-Location -LiteralPath $level1_0Full
            Push-Location -LiteralPath $level2_0Full
            $location1 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $location2 = Get-Location
            Pop-Location
            $location3 = Get-Location

            $location1.Path | Should -BeExactly $level2_0Full
            $location2.Path | Should -BeExactly $level1_0Full
            $location3.Path | Should -BeExactly $root
        }

        It "Verify Pop + Invalid Stack Name" {
            { Pop-Location -StackName UnknownStackName -ErrorAction Stop } |
                Should -Throw -ErrorId "Argument,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.PopLocationCommand"
        }
    }
}

Describe "UNC paths" -Tags 'CI' {
    It "Can Get-ChildItems from a UNC location using <cmdlet>" -Skip:(!$IsWindows) -TestCases @(
        @{cmdlet="Push-Location"},
        @{cmdlet="Set-Location"}
    ) {
        param($cmdlet)
        $originalLocation = Get-Location
        try {
            $systemDrive = ($env:SystemDrive).Replace(":","$")
            $testPath = Join-Path "\\localhost" $systemDrive
            & $cmdlet $testPath
            Get-Location | Should -BeExactly "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem::$testPath"
            $children = Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Stop
            $children.Count | Should -BeGreaterThan 0
        }
        finally {
            Set-Location $originalLocation
        }
    }
}

Describe "Remove-Item UnAuthorized Access" -Tags "CI", "RequireAdminOnWindows" {
    BeforeAll {
        if ($IsWindows) {
            $folder = Join-Path $TestDrive "UnAuthFolder"
            $protectedPath = (New-Item $folder -ItemType Directory).FullName
        }
    }

    It "Access-denied test for removing a folder" -Skip:(-not $IsWindows) {

        # The expected error is returned when there is a empty directory with the user does not have authorization to is deleted.
        # It cannot have 'System. 'Hidden' or 'ReadOnly' attribute as well as -Force should not be used.

        $powershell = Join-Path $PSHOME "pwsh"
        $errorFile = Join-Path (Get-Item $testdrive).FullName "RemoveItemError.txt"
        $cmdline = "$powershell -c Remove-Item -Path $protectedPath -ErrorVariable err ;`$err.FullyQualifiedErrorId | Out-File $errorFile"

        ## Remove inheritance
        $acl = Get-Acl $protectedPath
        $acl.SetAccessRuleProtection($true, $true)
        Set-Acl $protectedPath $acl

        ## Remove ACL
        $acl = Get-Acl $protectedPath
        $acl.Access | ForEach-Object { $acl.RemoveAccessRule($_) } | Out-Null

        # Add local admin
        $rule = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new("BUILTIN\Administrators","FullControl", "Allow")
        $acl.SetAccessRule($rule)
        Set-Acl $protectedPath $acl

        runas.exe /trustlevel:0x20000 "$cmdline"
        Wait-FileToBePresent -File $errorFile -TimeoutInSeconds 10 | Should -BeTrue
        Get-Content $errorFile | Should -BeExactly 'RemoveItemUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand'
    }
}

Describe "Verify sub-directory creation under root" -Tag 'CI','RequireSudoOnUnix' {
    BeforeAll {
        $dirPath = "\TestDir-$((New-Guid).Guid)"
    }

    AfterAll {
        if(Test-Path $dirPath)
        {
            Remove-Item -Path $dirPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
    }

    It "Can create a sub directory under root path" -Skip:$IsMacOs {
        New-Item -Path $dirPath -ItemType Directory -Force > $null
        $dirPath | Should -Exist
    }
}